Concrete by Zama is a Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) compiler that converts Python programs into their FHE equivalent. It is designed to make homomorphic encryption accessible, easy, and fast for developers. Concrete leverages the MLIR infrastructure to translate high-level operations into low-level FHE operations, optimizing cryptographic parameters and topological transformations. It supports multiple backends including CPU, GPU, and hardware accelerators, and provides a modular stack for extensions and customization. Concrete includes a reusable compiler infrastructure, a specific TFHE optimizer, a compilation pipeline, and a runtime designed to scale. The compiler automatically extracts parallelism to exploit hardware, utilizing loop parallelism for shared memory systems and dataflow parallelism for accelerators and distributed systems. Concrete also features an easy-to-use frontend, Concrete Python, which processes programs written in Python and produces the MLIR-based intermediate representation required by the compiler. The Concrete Optimizer finds accurate and optimal crypto parameters and topology for integer TFHE DAGs. The framework is developed in the open, providing access to tools for the community and encouraging external contributions through the Zama Bounty Program.
